Written by For centuries, the phrase “Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live” from Exodus 22:18 has been used to justify persecution, torture, and murder. But what if the Bible never actually condemned witches at all? What if the wise women, the herbalists, the midwives, and the village healers were never the target of this ancient text?
The truth is far more complex, and far more tragic, than most people realize.
The Word That Changed Everything: Kashap
In the original Hebrew text of Exodus 22:18, the word translated as “witch” is kashap (כָּשַׁף). This is critical, because kashap doesn’t mean what we think of as a witch at all.
Kashap refers specifically to someone who uses poison or harmful potions with malicious intent – a poisoner, a sorcerer who causes harm through toxic substances. The root of the word is associated with muttering or whispering incantations while preparing harmful concoctions. This wasn’t about the wise woman brewing healing tea or the midwife easing labor pains with herbal remedies.
In ancient Near Eastern context, a kashap was closer to what we might call a malicious poisoner or one who used substances to harm, manipulate, or kill others, often for payment. These were individuals who worked in secret to cause genuine harm, not community healers working openly to help their neighbors.
The verse, more accurately translated, might read: “You shall not allow a poisoner to live” or “Do not tolerate one who harms through toxic sorcery.”